电动汽车电池技术的发展.doc

论文题目：电动汽车电池技术的发展现状分析 摘 要 当前研究开发的电动汽车动力电池种类较多。目前广泛使用的电动汽车电池主要有：铅酸电池、镍金属电池、锂离子电池等，正在开发研究的能量存储装置还有超级电容，以及发展远景更好的燃料电池和太阳能电池。铅酸电池技术成熟，质量重，不能快充深放，循环寿命短，不能满足高性能电动汽车的储能要求；锂离子电池能量高、重量轻、循环寿命长、但价格高；镍氢电池具有高比功率、电流充放电大、无污染、安全性能好等特点，目前广泛应用在混合动力汽车上；超级电容器充电速度快、大电流放电能力超强，功率密度高，但比能量极低等特点使得它不可能单独用作电动汽车能量源，但作为辅助能量使用具有显著优点；燃料电池为零排放或近似零排放，它的能源来源丰富，能量转化率高，但研究成本投入大，开发周期长，目前尚处于产品研发阶段；太阳能电池是一种大有前途的新型电源，具有永久性、清洁性和灵活性三大优点，但效率很低而成本很高，目前与其它电池还不能形成竞争。Abstract The current research and development of the electric car power battery sort is more. At present the extensive use of electric car batteries mainly has: lead acid batteries, nickel metal battery, the lithium ion battery, etc, are of research and development and super capacitor energy storage device, and the development prospect is better fuel cell and solar cell. Lead-acid battery mature technology, quality heavy, not quick charge and deep put, short life cycle, and cant meet the requirements of high performance electric car energy; The lithium ion battery energy, light weight, high cycle long life, but the price high; The nimh batteries have power to charge and discharge current aspect ratio, big, no pollution, safety performance is good wait for a characteristic, and it is used widely in hybrid cars; Super capacitor recharge speed, high discharge current ability strong, high power density, but is extremely low energy characteristics make it may not be used as the electric car alone energy source, but as auxiliary energy use has obvious advantages; Fuel cells for zero emissions or approximately zero emissions, it rich source of energy, energy conversion rate is high, but the cost investment, development cycle is long, is still under the product research and development stage; The solar cell is a kind of a promising new power, permanent, clean sex and flexibility three big advantage, but efficiency is very low and the cost is high, at present and in other batteries are still cannot form the competition. This article from the electric car ba