化学化工专业英语第四课.ppt

Lession Four Chemical reactor第四课 反应器 In chemical engineering, chemical reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions. The design of a chemical reactor deals with multiple aspects of chemical engineering. Chemical engineers design reactors to maximize net present value for the given reaction. Designers ensure that the reaction proceeds with the highest efficiency towards the desired output product, producing the highest yield of product while requiring the least amount of money to purchase and operate. Normal operating expenses include energy input, energy removal, raw material costs, labor, etc. Energy changes can come in the form of heating or cooling, pumping to increase pressure, frictional pressure loss (such as pressure drop across a 90o elbow or an orifice plate), agitation, etc. 在化学工程中，化学反应器是进行化学反应的容器。化学反应器的设计涉及化学工程多个方面。化学工程师以给定的反应最优化的角度来设计反应器。设计师确保所需产品高效率运行，产量高，同时要求最少的原料和运行成本低。正常的业务开支，包括能源投入、能量传送、原材料成本和劳动力等。能量的变化可以来自于加热或冷却方式、用泵增加压力、摩擦压力损失（如压力跨越90度弯头或节流孔板），搅拌等形式。 There are two main basic vessel types: A tank, A pipe .Both types can be used as continuous reactors or batch reactors. Most commonly, reactors are run at steady-state, but can also be operated in a transient state. When a reactor is first brought back into operation (after maintenance or inoperation) it would be considered to be in a transient state, where key process variables change with time. Both types of reactors may also accommodate one or more solids (reagents, catalyst, or inert materials), but the reagents and products are typically liquids and gases. 反应器的基本类型的主要有两种：筒式和管式。两种类型都可以作为连续或间歇反应器。通常反应器在稳定状态下运行，但也可以暂时运行。当反应器初次买来运行时（维修后或失效时）将被认为处于过渡状态，其中的关键过程变量随时间而变化。这两种类型的反应器也可以容纳一种或多种固体（试剂、催化剂或惰性材料），但反应剂和产品通常是液体和气体。 There are three main basic models used to estimate the most important process variables of different chemical reactors:batch reactor model (batch), continuous stirred-tank reactor model (CSTR), and plug flow reactor model (PFR). Furthermore, catalytic reactors requ