租船实务与法律by朱作贤.ppt

租船实务与法律 朱作贤 MobileEmail: zhuzuoxian_1973@163.com Introduction 一、租约的分类 1. Voyage Charter 2. Time Charter 3. Demise Charter or Bareboat Charter 4. TCT: Time Charter Trip 5. Slot Charter or Space Charter 中国《海商法》第92条规定： 航次租船合同是指船舶出租人向承租人提供船舶或者船舶的部分舱位，装运约定的货物，从一港运至另一港，由承租人支付约定运费（Freight）的合同。 中国《海商法》第129条规定： 定期租船合同是指船舶出租人向承租人提供约定的由出租人配备船员的船舶，由承租人在约定的期间内按照约定的用途使用，并支付租金(hire)的合同。 中国《海商法》第144条规定: 光船租赁合同是指船舶出租人向承租人提供不配备船员的船舶，在约定的期间内由承租人占有、使用和营运，并向出租人支付租金（hire）的合同。 租船法律的总体特征 贯彻“合同自由”原则 因此，合同范本很重要。 程租合同GENCON是BIMCO 制定，有1922、1939、1950、1966、1976、1994格式。 期租合同NYPE是美国纽约土产交易所（New York Produce Exchange）制定。必威体育精装版是NYPE1993. 但是，合同自由亦例外： 中国《海商法》规定，航次租船合同下适航义务与不得绕航的义务是强制性的。 出租人对第三人承担的责任，是强制性的。 Hague Rules (b) “Contract of carriage” applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same. 中国《海商法》第95条 对按照航次租船合同运输的货物签发的提单，提单持有人不是承租人的，承运人与该提单持有人之间的权利、义务关系适用提单的约定。但是，提单中载明适用航次租船合同条款的，适用该航次租船合同的条款。（Incorporation Clause） V. C/P Diplock 勋爵在 The “Johanna Oldendorff”(1973)2 Lloyd’s Rep. 285总结了程租的4个阶段： 1.The loading or approach voyage, viz. the voyage of the vessel from wherever she is at the date of the charterparty or the conclusion of her previous fixture, if that is later, to the place specified as the place of loading. 2.The loading operation, viz. the delivery of the cargo to the vessel at the place of loading and its stowage on board 3.The carrying or loaded voyage, viz. the voyage of the vessel from the place of loading to the place specified in the charter as the place of the delivery. 4. The discharging operation, viz. the delivery of the cargo from the vessel at the place of delivery and its receipt there