英美概况课件——英国的二战.ppt

Britain in the Two World Wars Britain and First World War Britain and the Second World War The Post War Britain The Rivalry between Britain and Germany 1) Naval Rivalry In 1898 the Germany Kaiser announced that he intended to develop the Germany navy. Britain was afraid that Germany navy would be able to compete on neat equal terms, so in the year before the war there appeared a naval race as both sides tried to out build the other. 2) Colonial Rivalry The Kaiser envied Britain and France their huge empires. He thought that the time was coming for Germany to have its “place in the sun” . This worried Britain because any gains Germany made could will be at Britain’s expense.损失 3) Economic Rivalry By 1914 Germany had been producing more iron, steel, coal and even more cars. Britain’s economic lead was gone. Two Military Blocs There were two separate European alliances : Austria, Germany, Italy were in the Triple Alliance in 1882. In 1894, Russia and France signed their Dual Alliance. In1907 Britain reached an agreement with Russia, and allied herself with France and Russia .The Triple Entente was formed. causes the fundamental cause: Redividing the world colonies among the European imperialist powers. the direct cause: On 28 June 1914, the Austria prince, heir to the Austrian throne, went to inspect troops in Sarajevo and was killed. process Austria, backed by Germany, used this as an excuse for declaring war on Serbia 塞尔维亚. Russia supported Serbia. Germany declared war on Russia and France. When Germany invaded Belgium, Britain declared war on German on Agu.4 1914. Because of in a treaty signed in 1839 , Britain had agreed to defend Belgium’s neutrality. In 1917, the United States joined the Allies. The war lasted four years. Germany surrended in November 1918, and the side of Entente won the victory. Bomb damage in North London consequences The war was over, but it was a disaster. It claimed