英美概况美国部分第三章.ppt

Chapter III Discovery and Colonization of the New World (1492-----1679) Discovery of the New World Colonization of the New World Discovery of the New World 1. Background of the New World 2. Purpose for exploring the unknown world 3. Process of the voyages between 1488---1534 1. Background of the discovery 1) inhabitants----American Indians They were migrants from eastern Siberia and belong to the Mongoloid peoples. They traveled into the New World more than 20,000 years ago, and spread all over North and South America from Alaska to Cape Horn. 2) settlers----European people (the change of Europe) a. About A.D 1000, the Norsemen from Scandinavia happened on America, but didn’t exert great influence in the world. Europe was poor; politically fragmented beset by local wars civil disorder largely illiterate b. By the end of 15th century, the modern European world was to be formed. the growth of trade and commerce the rise of the middle class the revolution of national states the reformation of the Christian church the development of representative government led to the discovery of the New World 2. Purpose for exploring the unknown world 1) Venice had built a monopoly on the Mediterranean trade: other nations, England, France, Spain and Portugal wanted to break it and get their fair share of it------so they have to send out explorer to seek other routes to the East. 2) Improvement in navigation and naval architecture: better maps and charts maneuverable and stable ships compass 3) The great spirit of adventure and enthusiasm swept over the people of Europe, which started by the Renaissance that secularized the way people thought and expanded the European citizen’s self-knowledge and understanding of surrounding world. 3. Pro