英语修辞讲义.doc

English Rhetoric 英语修辞赏析 秦妍 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 绪论 Chapter 2 Simile 明喻 Chapter 3 Metaphor 暗喻 Chapter 4 Synecdoche 提喻 Chapter 5 Personification 拟人 Chapter 6 Metonymy 借代 Chapter 7 Antonomasia 换称 Chapter 8 Bifocal Visions 双重聚焦 Chapter 9 Antithesis 反对 Chapter 10 Transferred Epithet 移就 Chapter 11 Rhetoric Repetition 叠言 Chapter 12 Climax Anti-climax 层进与突降 Chapter 13 Hyperbole 夸张 Chapter 14 Understatement 低调陈述 Chapter 15 Euphemism 委婉语 Chapter 16 Pun 双关 Chapter 17 Alliteration 头韵 Chapter 1 Introduction 绪论 Exercise 1: The choosing of words In each group, there are two sentences with nearly the same meaning. Find out in each group the sentence that is better written, and then point out in what way they are more expressive (更富于表达力).Group 1: a. A thought suddenly occurred to him. b. A thought struck him like a silver dagger. Group 2: a. The brilliant founders branched into new areas. b. The brilliant founders developed into new areas. Group 3: a. Without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control. b. Without an effective system of supervision, the market can spin out of control. Group 4: a. They smiled and greeted each other. b. They were exchanging smiling words. Group 5: a. Nothing could calm the anger of Hurricane Camille. b. Nothing could calm down Hurricane Camille. Answers: Group 1: b. (simile 明喻)Group 2: a. (metaphor 暗喻) Group 3: a (metonymy 借代)Group 4: b. (transferred epithet　移就) Group 5: a. (personification拟人) What is rhetoric? Rhetoric means making choices. What rhetoric concerns is how to make an effective choice between two synonymous expressions. The art of effectively using language in speech or writing, including the use of figures of speech (修辞格). 通过对语言材料的选择、调整、修饰，使语言美化，更好地交流思想，表情达意。所谓“调整”，主要指依据题旨情境的需要，对词语、句式、段落篇章作恰当地选择和安排；所谓“修饰”，主要指恰当地选择一些修辞手段、修辞方法，增强语言表达的艺术效能。调整的目的，就是要求语言准确、鲜明，没有丝毫的模糊，也没有丝毫的歧义，使人家清楚、明白。