一种珍稀野生真菌鉴定和生理指标测定.doc

一种珍稀野生真菌鉴定和生理指标测定 　　摘要：以一株野生大型真菌的子实体的基因组DNA为模板进行内转录间隔区（ITS）的PCR扩增、测序及系统发育分析，结果表明菌丝纯培养物来源于该子实体，该真菌属于乳菇属（Lactarius），GenBank登录号为KC703008，系统发育分析表明了该菌在属内的遗传地位。对该菌株的生理指标进行了检测，结果表明该菌子实体中蛋白质质量分数和水溶性多糖质量分数较低，存在蛋白酶、磷酸酶和漆酶的活性，具有深入研究的价值。 关键词：野生真菌；乳菇属（Lactarius）；内转录间隔区（ITS）；蛋白酶；磷酸酶；漆酶 中图分类号：Q939.5 文献标识码： A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）04-0826-04 Identification of a Wild Fungus and Detections of Its Physiological Index ZHAO Shuang1，2，3，XU Feng1，2，3，LIU Yu1，2，3，YANG Qiong1，MA Kang1，CHEN Jie1 （1.Institute of Plant and Environment Protection，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science，Beijing 100097，China； 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom，Beijing 100097，China； 3. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture （North），Ministry of Agriculture，Beijing 100097，China） Abstract： Genomic DNA of a wild fungus was extracted from its fruiting body，and used as the template for the ITS genes PCR. The phylogenetic analysis based on the gene sequence of ITS was conducted to confirm the genetic position of this fungi. The results showed that the gene sequences of ITS from mycelium and fruiting body were the same. Phylogenetic analysis proved that the fungi was belonged to the genus Lactarius. GenBank accession number is KC703008. The physiological index of the fungus，including the mass ratios of protein and hydrophilic polysaccharide， activities of proteinase， phosphatase and laccase were detected. It was found that the mass ratios of protein and hydrophilic polysaccharide in fruiting bodies were low， but the fungus had the activities of proteinase， phosphatase and laccase. The in-depth study of this fungus is worthwhile. Key words： wild fungus； Lactarius； internal transcribed spacer（ITS）； proteinase； phosphatase； laccase 中国是世界生物多样性丰富的国家之一，也是气象和生态环境多样的国家，蕴藏着丰富的真菌种质资源，分布着全世界已知真菌（70 000种）的1/7的种类，其中野生食药用菌大约有1 200多种，为中国食用菌产业的持续发展提供了必需的生物资源基础。近年来，随着野生资源的日渐减少，生物资源保护和综合利用成为社会关注的重点领域，因此，野生食用菌种质资源的开发利用发展成为当前食用菌学科的研究热点之一。 乳菇属（Lactarius）是隶属于担子菌门、层菌纲、伞菌目、红菇科的真菌，多数