上海市宝山区托幼机构2012年内环境污染和传染病监测研究.doc

上海市宝山区托幼机构2012年内环境污染和传染病监测研究 　　摘要：[目的]了解宝山区2012年托幼机构内环境污染状态与幼儿园儿童传染病发病情况。 [方法]采用调查表、托幼机构内环境消毒效果监测以及对托幼机构常规传染病的监测分析等方法。 [结果]托幼机构内环境消毒总体合格率为97.91%，公办托幼机构合格率高于民办托幼机构。托幼机构常规传染病中以手足口病为主，发病率民办幼托机构高于公办幼托机构；在区域分布上，外来人口流动多的手足口病发病率高于外来人口流动少的街镇；托幼机构内环境消毒效果合格率与手足口病发病率成负相关。 [结论]托幼机构应加强内部软硬件设施的配置，并设置规范的托幼机构消毒隔离制度，制定日常消毒制度，降低托幼机构传染病的发生。 关键词： 内环境；发病率；影响因素 中图分类号： R 175文献标志码：B Abstract：[Objective]To investigate the environmental pollution status and infectious diseases in kindergartens and nurseries in 2012 in Baoshan District. [Methods]The questionaire was used in combination with data from monitoring of the disinfection effect of environment， monitoring analysis of routine infectious disease and others. [Results]The overall pass rate was 97.91% for environmental disinfection in kindergartens and nurseries， and it was higher in public kindergartens and nurseries than in private ones. The conventional infectious disease in kindergartens and nurseries was mainly hanefootandmouth disease （HFMD）， whose incidence was higher in private kindergartens and nurseries than in public ones. And in terms of regional distribution， the incidence of HFMD was higher in streets and towns with more infloating population than those with less. And the pass rate for the disinfection effect on the kindergartens nurseries and the incidence rate of HFMD were negatively correlated. [Conclusion]Kindergartens and nurseries in our district should strengthen the complete configuration of hardware and software， establish standardized system of disinfection and isolation， and develop daily disinfection system， so as to reduce infectious disease. Key words： Internal environment；Incidence；Influencing factors 托幼机构是幼儿学习、活动和生活的集中场所，幼儿是抵抗力和自我保护意识缺乏的特殊群体，一旦传染病传入，若控制措施不到位，极易扩散蔓延或引起爆发流行。幼托机构内环境中包括室内空气、餐具、玩具、毛巾、工作人员手等可能是造成这些疾病的传播媒介。为切实做好托幼机构内环境预防性消毒工作，防止传染病的发生与流行，我们于2012年对上海市宝山区所有注册在案的153家托幼机构的日常内环境消毒工作进行了监测，并与传染病疫情的关系进行分析，现将结果报道如下。 1对象与方法 1.1调查对象 调查对象为2012年辖区内注册在案的153家托幼机构，其中公办托幼机构93家，