美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》.doc

美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》 （条文翻译校对稿） 王竹 四川大学法学院副教授 Restatement of the Law, Third, Torts: Products Liability (Black Letters)Copyright copy; 1998 by The American Law Institute 说明：本译本仅系为中国《侵权责任法》起草研究、参考目的，根据肖永平、龚乐凡、汪雪飞译，肖永平审校：《侵权法重述第三版：产品责任》，法律出版社2006年版译本校对而成，仅供个人学习、研究参考之用，请勿用于其他任何目的，后果自负。相关译文具体细节请参见注释。 第一章基于销售时产品缺陷的商业产品销售者责任 Chapter 1- Liability of Commercial Product Sellers Based on Product Defects at Time of Sale 主题1普遍适用于产品的责任规则 Topic 1- Liability Rules Applicable to Products Generally §1.商业销售者或者分发者因缺陷产品导致损害的责任 从事产品销售或者以其他方式分发[1]的经营者，销售或者分发缺陷产品，应对该缺陷所造成的人身或者财产损害承担责任。 1 Liability of Commercial Seller or Distributor for Harm Caused by Defective Products One engaged in the business of selling or otherwise distributing products who sells or distributes a defective product is subject to liability for harm to persons or property caused by the defect. §2.产品缺陷的种类 产品在销售或者分发时，包含制造缺陷，设计存在缺陷，或者因为说明或警示不充分而存在缺陷，则该产品存在缺陷。产品： （a）如果背离其设计意图，即便在该产品准备和营销过程中已尽到所有可能的注意，那么（产品）包含制造缺陷； （b）如果可预见的因该产品引起的损害风险能够通过销售者或以其他方式分发者，或者他们在分销商业链中的前手，通过采纳合理替代性设计而减少或者避免，而没有采纳合理替代性设计致使产品不具有合理性安全，那么（产品）设计存在缺陷； （c）如果可预见的因该产品引起的损害风险能够通过销售者或以其他方式分发者，或者他们在分销商业链中的前手，通过提供合理的说明或警示而减少或者避免，而没有提供合理的说明或警示致使产品不具有合理性安全，那么（产品）因说明或警示不足而存在缺陷。 2 Categories of Product Defect A product is defective when, at the time of sale or distribution, it contains a manufacturing defect, is defective in design, or is defective because of inadequate instructions or warnings. A product: (a) contains a manufacturing defect when the product departs from its intended design even though all possible care was exercised in the preparation and marketing of the product; (b) is defective in design when the foreseeable risks of harm posed by the product could have been reduced or avoided by the adoption of a reasonable alternative design by the seller or other distributor,or a predecessor in the commercial chain of distribution, and the omission of the alternative design renders the product not reasonably safe; (c) is defective because of inadequate i