大学英语高级写作教程Unit 4 Argumentative Writing.ppt

6. My main points/arguments are supported by evidence. 7. My argumentative essay has evaluated the arguments presented. 8. My reasons, premises, evidence are enough to convince the reader or change the mind of my opponents. 9. I have distinguished between my own ideas and those taken from other authors. 10. I have acknowledged the sources for other authors. 11. I have checked through my work for errors of spelling and punctuation. 12. I have proofread my “final” paper at least twice and asked someone else to proofread it to avoid typos. 3. Extensions for argumentative writing To write an effective argumentative essay, you are supposed to be able to: 1) Refute opposing arguments Refuting opposing arguments is a characteristic that is more particular to argumentative essay than to expository essays. Given the two sides of the issue, if you want to convince the reader that you are right or your idea is more valid or significant, you have to prove your own stand and disprove the counterpart’s opinion. If the opponent makes some valid points, you should concede them and agree that they are valid, and then go on to argue your own points. 2) Offer a counterargument Addressing the claims of the opposition is an important component in building a convincing argument. It demonstrates your credibility as a writer and demonstrates that you have researched the multiple sides of the argument and have come to an informed decision. Counter-arguments may be placed at various positions throughout your body paragraphs. You may choose to build each of your main points as a contrast to oppositional claims, or offer a counter-argument after you have articulated your main claims. Remember, to be effective in counter-arguing, you have to remain tactful yet firm. Consider your audience when you offer your counter-argument. To begin with, assume that the reader disagrees with you. After all, if he or she did not, there would be no cause to argue. Address your