托福 TOEFL IBT GRE GMAT 必备语法高效总结.docx

形容词+补足语：(构成形容词短语)形容词+介词短语：A jacketsimilar to yours Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.形容词+不定式短语：Parentseager to support their children’s efforts形容词+动名词短语：A waiter busy serving the guests形容词+that：If a diamond is heated without oxygen , it will turn to graphite , a form of carbon so soft that it is used as a lubricant.多形容词并列修饰：(后置)We can easily point to inequalities, social and economic, but there is still a deep-seated belief that, no matter what his wealth or his job, each man is fundamentally equal with every other.多形容词与“形容词+补足语”并列：John was a ranchman, big, quiet, unlettered, and strong as horse.The+最高级+of+所属范围：Certain zoologists regard crows the most intelligent of birds.Of all metals, gold is the least useful.of属格的逻辑语义关系:主谓关系：从右往左翻译（不及物动词）The arrival of my mother动宾关系：从左往右翻译（及物动词） America’s invasion of Iraq同位关系：（二者互相说明）The city of Rome The news of the team’s victory基本句型：（一）主语+系动词+表语系动词：链接主语和后面成分的词表语：又称主语补足语，在动词后面补充说明主语性质的成分(名词、形容词)Learning English is very important.He became a teacher.The leaf will turn yellow in autumn.简单句叠加为复杂难句：（定语复杂化）Vitamins are organic compounds.Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth of life. (添加形容词短语)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth and maintenanceof life of animals, including man. （形容词短语复杂化）Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. （介词短语插入）（二）主语+谓语（不及物动词）+【状语】状语：用来修饰说明动作发生的原因、方式、地点、时间的成分（副词、介词短语）They shouted loudly (方式状语)He died athome (地点状语)He died in 2007 (时间状语)简单句叠加为复杂难句：（定语从句复杂化）This trend began during the Second World War.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion. （定语从句）This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specifi