船舶主机缸套冷却水温度的自动控制系统设计.doc

船舶主机缸套冷却水温度的自动控制系统设计 0 引言[摘要] 船舶主机高温冷却水系统的性能的优劣，直接影响到船舶主机的工作性能，要想优化和充分发挥船舶主机缸套冷却水系统的性能，就需要有良好的冷却水温度控制系统，实现冷却水温度的自动控制。由于冷却水温度控制系统具有明显的纯滞后性，本设计采用前馈与反馈相结合的控制方法，力图让控制系统更精确。本课题首先回顾了缸套冷却水温度控制技术的发展历程，对温度测控系统各环节进行了功能需求分析，明确了本温控系统所要达到的技术要求；然后又根据系统所要实现的功能进行了硬件元器件的选择；最后，系统采用了前馈-反馈控制方法，通过smith预估器补偿的PID控制算法对各参数进行了整定，并写出了控制系统中的部分程序。[关键词] 主机；冷却水；单片机；温度控制The Design on Automatic Control System for Marine Ships Main Engine Cylinder Jacket Cooling Water Temperature[Abstract] The ships main engine high temperature cooling water system performance fit and unfit quality, directly affect the ships main engine operating performance. So want to optimize and display ships main engine cylinder jacket cooling water system performance, needs to have the better cooling water temperature control system, and realize automatic control of cooling water temperature. Because the cooling water temperature control system has the obvious pure lag, this design uses the forward feed-reaction control method, tries to let the control system be more precise. This topic first reviewed the development course of the cylinder jacket cooling water temperature control technology, has carried on the function demand analysis to the temperature control system, was clear about the specification which the system had to achieve. Then choused the hardware primary device according to the function which the system had to realize. Finally, the system has used the forward feed-reaction control method, carried on to various parameters through the smith estimate compensated of the PID control algorithm, and has written subprogram in the control system.[Keywords] Main engine；Cooling water；Single chip microcomputer； Temperature control 目前，船舶主机缸套冷却水温度的自动控制大多使用的是模拟式调节仪表，由电子器件的逻辑运算输出控制信号来驱动继电器，从而对电动机进行转向控制，实现对温度的控制。从整体上看主要存在以下两个明显的缺点：一是采用的元器件比较落后，导致电路较为复杂，使用的逻辑元器件也较多，增加了备件管理和维护工作的难度；二是由于系统整体比较复杂和模拟仪表的实现功能的限制，这些温度控制器都采用了较简单的控制规律，不能提供很好的控制性能。综合这些不利因素，此类控制系统已经无法满足日益提高的控制性能需求，必须采用新的控制方式。鉴于此，决定