ICAO 合集2.doc

C1．WAKE TURBULENCE Wake Turbulence 尾流 These questions are check if pilot familiar with the wake turbulence avoidance What does the top picture show? The picture shows that there are 2 parallel runways in the airport机场里有两条平行跑道 and the distance between the 2 runways is less than 760m 两条跑道间的距离小于760米. An aircraft is taking off from one runway. 一架飞机正从跑道上起飞 Nearly after the rotation point, 在抬轮点之后vortices are generated from it’s wingtips.从飞机翼尖处产生涡流 The left vortex rotates clockwise左侧涡流顺时针旋转 and the right vortex rotates counter-clockwise右侧涡流逆时针旋转.I think the aircraft is a heavy aircraft because it has 4 engines. 飞机有四发所以我认为是重型机The wake turbulence must be very strong 尾流肯定很强and may affect operations of following aircrafts on the other parallel RWY.有可能影响到另一条平行跑道上后面飞机的运行 It’s the tower’s responsibility to ensure enough separation between each aircrafts.塔台有责任确保每架飞机间的充分间隔 When does the wake turbulence pose the most danger to small aircraft? 尾流何时对小飞机产生最大的危害 When the temperature is high and wind is calm, 气温高静风时the wake turbulence will take much more time to dissipate尾流要很长时间才能消散. The wake turbulence’s effect to small aircraft will be stronger in hot weather.在热天里尾流对小飞机的影响更强 During the landing and takeoff phases of flight, 在起飞和着陆阶段wake turbulence can be especially hazardous.尾流尤其危险 Because during these stages,因为在这些阶段 small aircrafts are close to the ground . 小飞机离地面很近It will make a recovery from the turbulence more difficult.从尾流中改出更加困难 Do large aircraft produce more wake turbulence than small aircraft? Why? 大飞机比小飞机产生尾流大么？ Yes. Generally speaking, 通常来说， larger aircraft has more powerful engine大飞机发动机功率大 and can produce more thrust and lift during operation运行时产生推力升力较大, naturally the wake turbulence will be stronger.自然尾流更强 Moreover, large airplane has wider wingspan, so it’ will affect larger wider area. 此外有了更宽的翼展,大飞机的涡流会影响更广的范围That’s why they produce more turbulence.因此他们产生更多的尾流。 IWhat do you do? 在什么情况下你需要避免尾流？应该怎么做？ When I fly beneath and follow the flight path of a large or heavy aircra