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Lecture06 Mencius Sept 15 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学
Change of Political Leaders (Democracy?) 7B: 14 1B: 8 7B: 14 (Comics p. 103) 1. Mencius said, The people are the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the land and grain are the next; the sovereign is the lightest. 2. Therefore to gain the peasantry is the way to become sovereign; to gain the sovereign is the way to become a prince of a State; to gain the prince of a State is the way to become a great officer. 7B: 14 3. When a prince endangers the altars of the spirits of the land and grain, he is changed, and another appointed in his place. 4. When the sacrificial victims have been perfect, the millet in its vessels all pure, and the sacrifices offered at their proper seasons, if yet there ensue drought, or the waters overflow, the spirits of the land and grain are changed, and others appointed in their place. 1B: 8 (Comics p. 21) 1. The king Hsüan of Ch? asked, saying, Was it so, that Tang banished Chieh, and that king W? smote Chau? Mencius replied, It is so in the records. 2. The king said, May a minister then put his sovereign to death? 3. Mencius said, He who outrages the benevolence proper to his nature, is called a robber; he who outrages righteousness, is called a ruffian. The robber and ruffian we call a mere fellow. I have heard of the cutting off of the fellow Chau, but I have not heard of the putting a sovereign to death, in his case. PHIL 2931 Mencius (II) Schedule Mencius’ Moral Philosophy: Human Nature Political Philosophy Hsing/Xing性 (Human Nature/Essence) 6A: 1, 2, 3 and 4.– A debate between Mencius and Kao Tzu 告子 (6A:4, also see Comics p. 72-74) What Mencius was interested in was the specific human nature, not the general nature that could be applied to all animals. Four Virtues Mencius discusses four virtues togther: Jen/Ren, I/Yi, (Righteousness 義), Li (Propriety 禮), and Chi/Zhi, (Wisdom 智). 2A: 6 1. Mencius said, ‘All men have a mind which cannot bear to see the sufferings of others. 孟子曰：「人皆有不忍人之心。 2. The ancient kings had t
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