06 Byzantine Architecture学习资料.ppt

Byzantine Architecture What is “Byzantine”? 1.拜占庭帝国的拜占庭帝国的或与其有关的 2.具有拜占庭风格的 公元5世纪在拜占庭帝国发展起来的建筑风格的，这种建筑风格的要特征是在由四个圆拱及其三角穹隆形成的立方体结构上有一中心圆顶，且在建筑物表面上大量装饰，特别是在大理石方格上镂出纹理、塑出低度浮雕以及用彩色玻璃镶嵌 Of or belonging to the style of architecture developed from the fifth century a.d. in the Byzantine Empire, characterized by a central dome resting on a cube formed by four round arches and their pendentives and by the extensive use of surface decoration, especially veined marble panels, low relief carving, and colored glass mosaics. The Split of Roman Empire Byzantine style—a hybrid Western Asian Arch of brick Stone + Greek Columns + Roman’s Grandeur other Roman architectural features Main Types of Byzantine Forms 1. Basilica长方形会堂(巴西利卡)式 2. Concentrative 集中式 Cross 十字式 Influences on elsewhere East European Countries Czarist Russia Islamic/Muslim Countries Elements of a Byzantine Cathedral Layout of a Basilica Saucer dome 碟形穹顶 Clerestory 天窗 Squinch对角斜拱/Pendentive 穹隅,帆拱 Abutment/Plinth拱座,支墩 Mosaic马赛克 Low relief 低/浅浮雕 Clerestory 天窗 The upper part of the nave, transepts, and choir of a church, containing windows. 纵向天窗，顶楼教堂正厅、袖廊及唱诗班席位的上部，包括窗户 An upper portion of a wall containing windows for supplying natural light to a building. 高侧窗墙的上半部分,装有给建筑物提供自然光线的窗户 Squinch内角拱,突角拱,对角斜拱 A quarter-spherical segment of masonry vaulting or corbelling carried across an interior angle of a square tower to support a circular or octagonal superstructure. 横穿过方塔的一个内角的支撑圆形或八角形上部结构的四分之一球状的砖石拱顶或梁托 Pendentive 穹隅,帆拱 A triangular section of vaulting between the rim of a dome and each adjacent pair of the arches that support it. 方墙四角圆穹顶支承拱,位于顶穹边缘和每对相邻支撑圆拱之间拱形结构的三角形部分 Abutment/Plinth 拱座,支墩,柱基 The part of a structure that bears the weight or pressure of an arch. 支座建筑承担拱顶重量或压力的部分 A block or slab on which a pedestal, column, or statue is placed. 底座上面放置基座、柱子或塑像的大楼或平板建筑物 Mosaic马赛克 A picture or decorative design made by setting small colored pieces, as of stone or tile, into a surface