大型桥梁及施工外文翻译.doc

大跨度桥梁 悬索桥 悬索桥是现行的跨径超过600m大桥的唯一解决方案，而且对跨径在300m以上的桥梁它也是被认为是一种很有竞争力的方案。现在世界上最大跨径的桥梁是纽约的威拉查诺（Verrazano）海峡大桥，另一个是英国的塞温（Savern）大桥。 悬索桥的组成部分有：柔性，主塔，锚碇，吊索（挂索），桥面板和加劲桁架。主缆是有一组平行的单根高强钢丝在现场扭在一起并绑扎成型的钢丝束组成的。每根钢丝都是 经过渡锌处理的，并且整个用保护层覆盖着。所用的钢丝应该是冷拔钢丝而不是经过热处理的各种钢丝。在进行主塔设计时应该特别注意其在美学上的要求。主塔很高而且具有足够的柔性，使其每一座塔顶都可认为是与主缆铰接。主缆的两端很安全的锚固在非常坚实的锚碇上。吊索把桥面板上的荷载传递到主主缆上。吊索也是有高强钢丝制成的而且通常是竖直的。桥面板通常是有加劲钢板，肋或槽型板，横梁制成的异性结构。提供一些加劲安瑞克．桥梁结构形式[J]．建筑实录(美)，2010，3—42 Large Span Bridge Suspension Bridge The suspension bridge is currently the only solution in excess of 600 m, and is regarded as competitive for down to 300. The world’s longest bridge at present is the Verrazano Narrows bridge in New York. Another modern example is the Severn Bridge in England. The components of a suspension bridge are: (a) flexible cables, (b) towers, (c) anchorages, (d) suspenders, (e) deck and ，(f) stiffening trusses. The cable normally consists of parallel wires of high tensile steel individually spun at site and bound into one unit .Each wire is galvanized and the cable is cover with a protective coating. The wire for the cable should be cold-drawn and not of the heat-treated variety. Special attention should be paid to aesthetics in the design of the rowers. The tower is high and is flexible enough to permit their analysis as hinged at both ends. The cable is anchored securely anchored to very solid anchorage blocks at both ends. The suspenders transfer the load form the deck to the cable. They are made up of high tensile wires and are normally vertical. The deck is usually orthotropic with stiffened steel plate, ribs or troughs，floor beam, etc. Stiffening trusses, pinned at the towers, are providing. The stiffening system serves to control aerodynamic movements and to limit the local angle changes in the deck. If the stiffening system is inadequate, torsional oscillations due to wind might result in the collapse of the structure, as illustrated in the tragic failure in 1940 of the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge. The side