换言之翻译第五章讲义.doc

7 Pragmatic Equivalence Coherence 7 Pragmatic Equivalence 7.1 Coherence 7.2 Coherence and processes of interpretation: implicature 7.3 Coherence, implicature, and translation strategies What is pragmatics? Pragmatics is the study of language in use. It is the study of meaning, not as generated by the linguistic system but as conveyed and manipulated by participants in a communicative situation. P217 Coherence Implicature Coherence: 连贯 A network of relations which organize and create a text; the network of conceptual relations which underlie the surface structure. (p218) [The way in which the content of connected speech or text hangs together, or is interpreted as hanging together, as distinct from that of random assemblages of sentences.] 7.1 Coherence 7.1.1 Coherence vs Cohesion Cohesion —surface objective device Coherence—conceptual subjective aim Both concern the way stretches of language are connected to each other. In the case of cohesion, stretches of language are connected to each other by virtue of lexical and grammatical dependencies. In the case of coherence, they are connected by virtue of conceptual or meaning dependencies as perceived by language user. p218 A highly cohesive text which is nevertheless incoherent: I bought a Ford. The car in which President Wilson rode down the Champs Elysees was black. Black English has been widely discussed. The discussions between the presidents ended last week. A week has seven days. Every day I feed my cat. Cats have four legs. The cat is on the mat. Mat has three letters. 7.1.2 Is coherence a feature of text or situation? Is coherence a feature of text? It is not a feature of text, because: Texts are neither coherent nor incoherent by themselves. Whether a text coheres or not depends on the ability of the reader to make sense of it by relating it to what s/he already knows or to a familiar world, whether this world is real or fictional. p221 [Thus] Coherence is not a feature of