儿童白血病介绍.pptVIP

儿童白血病 首都儿科研究所 血液科 白血病的故事 到1847年，英国医学家本尼特和德国医学家威尔萧几乎同时指出，这种特征为血液中的白细胞及幼稚细胞异常增生的血液病。分别被他们命名为白血病和白细胞病。 提要 定义 Leukemia is cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is a typically non-inherited disease in which large numbers of immature, abnormal white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Abnormal white blood cells flood the bloodstream, affecting the production of oxygen-producing red blood cells and platelets. A large production of abnormal white blood cells makes the body very susceptible to infections and diseases 概况 Leukemia is the most common cancer of childhood. In the U.S. there are approximately 3,250 children diagnosed each year with leukemia and 2,400 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). There has been a steady increase of 1% per year in the incidence of ALL in the past 25 years. 概况 我国白血病的发病率:目前尚无全国范围的统计资料 上海:2.64~3.65/10万 天津:2.85~4.33/10万 平顶山:3.5~7.09/10万 我国儿童白血病中ALL约占70% 肿瘤发生机制 Growth signal protein switched on 白血病发病机制 病因 1.病毒感染 2.化学因素 3.物理因素 4.遗传因素 Viruses——Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) The genetic structure of HTLV is similar, but distinct from other retroviruses. HTLV contains the normal gag, pol, and env genes that other retroviruses possess. However, there is an additional region found on the 3 end of the genome possessing the genes tax and rex. These two genes are essential for viral replication. Benzene Known leukemogen in occupational settings Clusters of leukemia in shoemakers, rubber workers, refinery workers Cancer treatments cause leukemia AML is a common secondary cancer, caused by chemotherapy and radiation Various antitumor agents have been strongly implicated, including procarbazine, melphalan, thio-TEPA, chlorambucil, and cyclophosphamide Antibiotic chloramphenicol and analgesic phenylbutazone Radiation causes leukemia Scientists studying radioactive substances developed leukemia Uranium miners Atomic bomb survivors Downwinders 肿瘤发生机制 临床表现 clinical manifestation