化学工程与工艺毕业设计论文年产5000吨二甲基甲酰胺分离工段蒸馏塔工艺设计.doc

年产5000吨二甲基甲酰胺分离工段蒸馏塔工艺设计 摘 要 精馏是分离液体混合物最常用的一种单元操作，在化工、炼油、石油化工等工业中得到广泛应用。精馏过程在能量计的驱动下，使气、液两相多次直接接触和分离，利用液相混合物中各组分挥发度的不同，使挥发组分由液相向气相转移，难挥发组分由气相向液相转移，实现原料混合物中各组分分离。该过程同时进行传质传热。 筛板是在塔板上钻有均布的筛孔，上升气流经筛孔分散，鼓泡通过板上液层，形成气液密切接触的泡沫层。筛板塔的突出优点是结构简单，造价低，制造维修方便。相同条件下生产能力高于浮阀塔，塔板效率接近浮阀塔，合理的设计和适当的操作筛板塔能满足要求的操作弹性，而且效率高，采用筛板可解决堵塞问题，适当控制漏液。 本次设计任务为设计一定处理量的精馏塔，实现二甲胺-二甲基甲酰胺的分离。本次设计的主要内容是分离工段的精馏塔设计，包括过程的物料衡算，热量衡算，工艺计算，结构设计和校核。 关键词 ： 二甲基甲酰胺 精馏塔 分离工段 筛板塔 Separation of Producing 5kt/a DMF Process Design ABSTRACT Distillation separation is liquid mixture wide-used unit operation, in chemical, oil refining, petroleum chemical industry etc widely application. In the process of distillation driven by energy meter, contentious, liquid two-phase repeatedly direct contact with and separation, using liquid mixture of different components, volatile degrees by volatile components to gas, liquid phase transfer by volatile components to transfer, realize the disputed liquid gas mixture various components of raw material separation. This process is simultaneously mass transfer heat transfer process. The sieve is through a board with a tower edgeunder screen hole, updraft via screen hole dispersed, bubbling through liquid layer board, forming a gas-liquid in close contact with the foam layer. Prominent advantages of the tower is sieve simple structure, low cost, manufacturing, maintenance is convenient. Under the same conditions as production ability than float valve tower, tower board efficiency float valve tower near, reasonable design and proper operation can meet the requirements of the sieve tower, and elasticity of operation of high efficiency, using sieve can solve congestion problems, proper control of leakage. This design task for design must capacity, realize the column DMA - DMF separation. The design of the main content is separation column, including the retention of design process, heat balance material calculation process calculation, calculate, the structure design and check. K