Civil Rights Movement 民权运动的.ppt

7 8 Freedom Riders 9 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Strategy and Tactics Action and Reaction Tactics Media Civil Disobedience Sit-ins Bus rides Marches Boycotts Provoking aggression “Momentum”Timeline May 1961, Freedom Riders Sep 1962, integrating the University of MS Apr 1963, Birmingham June 1963, integrating the University of AL Aug 1963, March on Washington Summer of ’64 Freedom Summer Early 1965, Selma Campaign Freedom Riders Apr-Dec 1961 Who: CORE and SNCC Plan of Action: to test the SC decision banning segregation on interstate bus routes Obstacles: violence Reaction: (pg. 705, 3rd paragraph) Riding for Freedom University of Mississippi September 1962 Who: James Meredith and JFK Plan of Action: integrate UM Obstacles: Governor Ross Barnett, riots, and death Reaction: JFK ordered federal marshals to escort Meredith. James Meredith Heading to Birmingham April 1963 Who: Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, MLK, and the SCLC Plan of Action: demonstrate and march Obstacles: violence (pg. 706) Reaction: an end to segregation in Birmingham University of Alabama June 1963 Who: Gov. George Wallace Plan of Action: integrate the University of Alabama Obstacles: Governor George Wallace Reaction: JFK used federal troops to enforce the desegregation March on Washington August 1963 Who: CR leaders, to include MLK Plan of Action: converge on the nation’s capital Obstacles: ? Reaction: ST=continued violence (murder and assassination), LT=Civil Rights Act of 1964 Freedom Summer Summer of ’64 Who: SNCC and volunteers Where: Mississippi Plan of Action: register voters Obstacles: Obstacles: Local officers killed volunteers Reaction: Congress did not pass a VR act. The Selma Campaign Early 1965 Who: SCLC and SNCC Plan of Action: Voter registration drive and march to Montgomery Obstacles: violent, local law officers (pg. 710) Reaction: LBJ responded by asking Congress for the swift passage of a new voting rights act. It passed in 1965. G