外文翻译----克拉斯诺亚尔斯克水电站大坝大体积混凝土温度控制.docx

附录：英文原文TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE MASSIVE CONCRETEOF THE KRASNOYARSK HYDROELECTRIC STATION DAMA. P. Dolrnatov and S. Z. Neidlin UDC 627.821.2 : 666.972.021.21.035.83(282.251.2)During recent years a number of large hydroschemes with high massive concrete dams have been bnilt in areas of the USSRin an area of extreme climate. A number of problems arise in the erection of massive dams under severe climatic conditions related to the prevention of fissuring in the concrete and obtaining a monolithic structure.Typical features of the construction of large hydroschemes are the large volumes of concrete and the extremely limited time for pouring them, which means a high rate of concrete placing.Measures for controlling the temperature of the concrete on a large scale were adopted practically for the first time in the Soviet Union in the construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydrocomplex. The severe climatic conditions at the site (mean annual temperature +0.4, maximum long range temperature +37 and minimum, -54) introduced serious difficulties in obtaining monolithic mass structures and ptaced special demands on the concrete and its placement. In order to obtain monolithic concrete structures,the Technical regulations for carrying out concreting lays down the following temperature conditions for blocks with columnar section (plan dimensions 15 x 11.5 m, height 3 to 9 m):a) maximum temperature in blocks placed on fresh concrete (less than 1 month old) must not exceed 40;b) maximum temperature in blocks placed on old concrete (more than i month old) and rock must not exceed 28;c) the temperature drop between the core and faces must not exceed 23;d) temperature of the concrete at the moment when the intercolumnar construction joints solidify (cementation) must not be more than 5 in the bottom 20 meters from the foundation and 8 in the remaining mass.A number of measures were envisaged for controlling the temperature of the dam concrete, namely: the use of cements with average