语法第七讲 语序和倒装.ppt

1.语法倒装 语法倒装是指为适应表达某种特定的语法功能的需要而使用的形式较为固定的倒装句式，语法倒装常见于疑问句、让步从句、存现句、省略if的虚拟条件从句，部分特殊的感叹句以及由so、nor 引导的表示相似情况的某些句子。 1）疑问倒装 Why do you always argue against me? 你为何和我唱反调？ How would you attack the unemployment problem? Did you catch my point? 你懂我的意思了吗？ 2）让步倒装 以as引导的让步状语从句将句子表语或者主动词置于句首时，从句的主语如为名词词组，需要使用主谓倒装语序，主语如为代词，则使用常态语序。 英语中还有一种中古英语残余的be+主语+（ever）+表语的倒装句式，表达的也是让步意义，如：Home is home, be it ever so homely. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 虽然这显得有点不可思议，事故中却没有人受伤。 Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮忙，但我有很多事情要做。 Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。 Dream like as was the story, it was true. 尽管这故事象梦幻一样，但它确实是真实的。 Try as you may, you will never succeed. 不管你怎么努力，都不会成功。 Home is home, be it ever so homely. 家纵简陋，总归是家。 Happen what may, we shall not change our mind. 不管发生什么事，我们都不改初衷。 Be it rainy or sunny, the match will be played as scheduled. 无论阴晴，比赛都将如期举行。 3）虚拟倒装 虚拟条件句省略掉引导词if后，从句需要使用倒装语序。此外，一些表示祝愿意义的虚拟句也需要使用倒装语序，如： Should he change his mind, no one would blame him. 如果他改变主意，也不见得会有人责怪他。 Had it not been for his kind help, I could not have got such gigantic achievement. 倘若不是他善意相助，我不可能取得如此巨大的成绩。 Were I to do that what would you say? 假如我那样做，你会怎么说？ May you live long.祝你长寿！ May you succeed.祝你成功！ May he never set foot in this house again! 但愿他永远不再走进这幢房子。 Long live the great unity of the people of the world！ 全世界人民大团结万岁！ 4）存现/认同/引语倒装 以there引导的表示存现意义的句子 以so, nor 等引导的表示上下文情况也同样适合的意义的句子 直接引用某人所说的话以后再加说话人 表示语言、思维动作动词的句子中 There appears growing evidence to the contrary. 越来越多的反证显现了。 There remained just a little money. What was to be done? 只剩下一点点钱了，怎么办呢？ There existed different opinions on this questions. 对这个问题曾有人有过不同的看法。 You are clever and so is your brother. He quickened his pace and so did I . If he is allowed to leave, so should I . They are happy, nor need we worry. The day was bright, nor were there clouds above. “I have something to tell you, said Mary. “That’s just what I am afraid of, thought Johnny, but did not say