Diogenes_and_Alexander精读第四课.ppt

Diogenes and Alexander;About the Author;Diogenes;; On another occasion Diogenes is said to have had an interview with Alexander the Great, who opened the conversation with “I am Alexander the Great.” He answered, “And I am Diogenes the Cynic.” Alexander then asked him in what way he could serve him. “You can step out of my sunlight.” Diogenes replied. Alexander is said to have been so struck with the Cynic’s self-possession that he went away remarking, “If I were not Alexander, I should wish to be Diogenes.”;人物思想 他认为除了自然的需要必须满足外，其他的任何东西，包括社会生活和文化生活，都是不自然的、无足轻重的。他强调禁欲主义的自我满足，鼓励放弃舒适环境。作为一个苦行主义的身体力行者，他居住在一只木桶内，过着乞丐一样的生活。每天白天他都会打着灯笼在街上“寻找诚实的人”。第欧根尼揭露大多数传统的标准和信条的虚伪性，号召人们回复简朴自然的理想状态生活。 　　后来他师承苏格拉底的弟子安提斯泰尼，以身作则发扬了老师的“犬儒哲学”，试图颠覆一切传统价值。他从不介意别人称呼他为“狗”，他甚至高呼“像狗一样活着”。人们把他们的哲学叫做“犬儒主义”（Cynicism）。他的哲学思想为古希腊崇尚简朴的生活理想奠定了基础。归到他名下但现已失传的各种著作中，有对话、戏剧和一部《共和国》，该书描绘无政府主义者的乌托邦，人们在其中过着“自然”的生活。;Plato;Aristotle;Alexander the Great was (born on July 20, 356 B.C., in Pella,)king of Macedonia. During his leadership, from 336 to 323 B.C., he united the Greek city-states and led the Corinthian League. He also became the king of Persia(波斯), Babylon(巴比伦) and Asia, and created Macedonian colonies in Iran. While considering the conquests of Carthage and Rome, Alexander died of malaria in Babylon, Persia (now Iran), on June 13, 323 B.C;He learned the best of Greek culture .For example, Aristotle taught Alexander poetry ; philosophy and uses of political power ; the principles of scientific research . Indeed, it was from Aristotle that Alexander learned to seek out everything strange which might be instructive. Also ,he learned generosity from Aristotle. ;The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem written by Homer that tells the story of th Trojan War,said to habe been fought between the Greeks and the Trojans because the Trojan prince Paris had carried off Helen,wife of the Greek king.The war was won by a trick in which Greek soldiers,hidden inside a wooden horse,were taken into Troy by