三讲phoneticsandphonology.pptVIP

Lecture 3 Phonetics and Phonology Aims for this lecture 1. Phonetics: the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds. 2. Phonology: the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language. 1. Phonetics the speech sounds of language Scope of Phonetics Articulation of Sounds Scope of phonetics Speech is a purposeful human activity. A complex set of physical operation takes place when a spoken message goes from a speaker to a hearer. It consists of three stages: the production, the transmission and the perception. 1) Articulatory phonetics (发音语音学) 2) Acoustic phonetics(声学语音学) 3) Auditory phonetics(听觉语音学) 4) Forensic phonetics 1) Articulatory phonetics:  It deals with the identification and classification of individual sounds, attempt to provide a framework of the nature of speech sounds and how they are produced. 2) Acoustic phonetics It studies the physical characteristics of speech as sound wave ‘in the air’. 3) Auditory phonetics It deals with the perception of the speech sound via the ear. Articulatory phonetics 1) The speech organs 2) Phonetic transcription 3) Classification of speech sounds 1) The speech organs The speech organs are contained in three important areas or cavities: the larynx ---- the throat, the oral cavity ---- the mouth, and the nasal cavity ---- the nose. The lungs are the power organ of speech. Air from the lungs goes up through the windpipe and arrives first at the larynx, then through the larynx into the oral cavity or the nasal cavity. The lung air may be modified in these cavities in different ways, and results in different speech sounds. The larynx The upper part of the windpipe in the passage to the lungs is the larynx. In the larynx are the vocal cords. They look like two lips and run in a horizontal direction from back to front. The space between them is called the “glottis”. They may b