土木工程专业英语第9次课讲义.doc

土木工程专业英语第9次课讲义 Chapter 7 土木工程专业文献选读 Contents Lesson 4 Philosophy of Structure Design 结构设计原理 Objectives（教学目标）：本课主要介绍结构设计的基本方法，了解容许应力法和极限状态设计的原则和特点；掌握相关的专业词汇；注意长句的译法。 Key Issues（教学重点）：掌握结构设计的几种方法和适用性。掌握专业词汇；掌握句子表达方式。 I．Translation： Lesson 4 Philosophy of Structure Design 结构设计原理 Paragraph 1 A structural engineering project can be divided into three phases: planning, design, and construction. structural engineering 结构工程, 结构工程学 planning 计划编制，规划 一个结构工程项目可分为三个阶段:规划、设计、施工。 Paragraph2 1.Structural design involves determining the most suitable proportions of a structure and dimensioning the structural elements and details of which it is composed. Proportion 比, 比率,均衡, 相称,份, 部份,大小; 面积; 容积,比例 Dimensioning 定尺寸，计算 结构设计包括确定结构最适宜的比例，并确定其组成构件和细部尺寸。 2.This is the most highly technical and mathematical phase of a structural engineering project, but it cannot and certainly should not-be conducted without being fully coordinated with the planning and construction phases of the project. technical adj.技术的, 技术上的, 技巧方面的 mathematical adj.数学的, 精确的 conduct 进行，实施,引导，指导 coordinate（使）互相配合,（使）协调， 调整 这是结构工程项目中技术性最高、数学严谨性最强的阶段，但若不能同规划和施工阶段充分协调，就不能也不应该付诸实施。 3.The successful designer is at all times fully conscious of the various considerations that were involved in the preliminary planning for the structure and, likewise, of the various problems that may later be encountered in its construction. conscious adj.有意识的, 有知觉的 consideration n.考虑, 需要考虑的事项, 体谅 be involved in 涉及,有关 preliminary plan初步设计,初步计划 likewise adv.同样地, 照样地, 又, 也 一个成功的设计者总是会全面考虑结构在初步规划中涉及到的各种因素，以及今后施工中可能遇到的各种问题。 Paragraph3 1.Specially, the structural design of any structure first involves the establishment of the loading, and other design conditions that must be resisted by the structure and therefore must be considered in its design. establishment n.确立, 制定 resist vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗 特别地，在任何结构的设计中，首先涉及到确定结构所必须承受的因而设计中必须考虑的荷载和其它设计条件。 2.Then comes the analysis (or computation) of the internal gross forces (thrust, shears, bending mom