英语句子成分及句子结构.doc

句子成分与句子结构 英语词法 实词与虚词（6+4=10） 六大实词 名词【n.】：表示人或事物的名称。 如 boyfriend house book ( 2 ) 动词【v.】：表示动作或状态。 如 love read see (3) 形容词【adj.或a.】：表示人和事物的性质和特征。 如 beautiful primary personal (4) 副词【adv.或ad.】：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。 如 strongly sideways regularly (5) 代词【pron.】：代替名词、形容词或数词。 如 either she some (6) 数词【num.】：表示数量和顺序。 如 six thousand zero 四类虚词 (7) 冠词【art.】用在名词前，表示名词的特指和泛指。 只有三个： a an the （8）介词【prep.】表示名词、代词和句中其他词的关系。 如 regarding with through (9) 连词【conj.】连接词、短语、从句和句子。 如 and though but (10) 感叹词【interj.】表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的情感。 如 hush oh 句子成分 八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)、同位语(appositive)。 Say： （1）I saw your brother yesterday. (2) David is reading now. (3) You are not my cup of tea. (4) The boy playing basketball is my son. (5) All students found the exam easy. (6) She will go home to see her poor father. 3、【主语】：主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么，主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。 Say：(1) The storm caused great damage to the crops. (2) As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can cause you to put on weight. 【谓语】：谓语（predicate verb）是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 Say： （1）He was tortured n./vi折磨。使痛苦，使烦恼 by the doubt whether he would accept their presents. (2) He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 【宾语】：宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句Say：（1）He knows the news. Lily has passed the examination of CET-6. 【表语】：主语补足语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。它常位于联系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 常见的系动词有：be / sound/ look/ feel/smell/taste/remain等。Turn，seem，prove 状态系动词，感官，持续，变化，表象，终止性。 For example: (1) The weather has turned cold. (2) Three times seven is twenty one. plus minus, time, divide 【定语】equals make Nine divided by three is three. 定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语或从句分为前置定语和后置定语。 前置定语在名词中心词之前，前置定语通常较短；后置定语在名词中心词之后，后置定语通常较长。 : (1) He has lived in the city for ten years.