微观经济学答案第二章.docx

日志 分享的日志 返回前一页 观经济学答案（第二章） 今天 23:07 微观经济学答案（第二章） 分享 作者：爱笑的眼睛 已被分享1次 评论(0) 复制链接 1. Economics is like a science because economists use the scientific method. They devise theories, collect data, andthen analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories about how the world works. Economists use heory and observation like other scientists, but they are limited in their ability to run controlled experiments. Insted, hey must rely on natural experiments. 2. Economists make assumptions to simplify problems without substantially affecting the answer. Assumptions canmake the world easier to understand. 3. An economic model cannot describe reality exactly because it would be too complicated to understand. A model is a simplification that allows the economist to see what is truly important. 4. Figure 3 shows a production possibilities frontier between milk and cookies (PPF1). If a disease kills half of the economys cow population, less milk production is possible, so the PPF shifts inward (PPF2). Note that if the economy produces all cookies, so it doesnt need any cows, then production is unaffected. But if the economy produces any milk at all, then there will be less production possible after the disease hits. 图表5.The idea of efficiency is that an outcome is efficient if the economy is getting all it can from the scarce resources it has available. In terms of the production possibilities frontier, an efficient point is a point on the frontier, such aspoint A in Figure 4. A point inside the frontier, such as point B, is inefficient since more of one good could be produced without reducing the production of another good.图表6. The two subfields in economics are microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the study of how huseholds and firms make decisions and how they interact in specific markets. Macroeconomics is the study of ecoomy-wide phenomena. 7. Positive statements are descriptive and make a claim about how the world is, while norma