定语从句---关系代词和关系副词的用法.docx

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。一）关系代词的用法1.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作）2.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作）3. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作）4.Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。二）只能用that的情况a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为everything， anything，all， any， much， many， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：　 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。　 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.　 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few ，all ,any, every, much, no, one,of,等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。g.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作标语时。China is no longer the country that it used to be.（一）关系副词引导的定语从句1．??when??指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I?still?remember?the?day?when?I?first?came?to