专业英语复习总结.doc

词组互译 农作物crops 粮食安全Food security 粮食生产Grain/food production 单产per unit area yield 高产high yield 优质high quality 高效high efficient 有机农业Organic agriculture 转基因 n. Transgenosisa adj. transgenic 基因工程genetic engineering 杂交小麦Hybrid Wheat 水稻rice ; paddy 棉花Cotton 玉米maize 大豆Soybean 花生groundnut 油菜 rape 高粱Sorghum 谷子Millet 向日葵Sunflower 红薯Sweet potato 马铃薯potato 大麦barley 西红柿tomato 种子萌发Seed germination 可持续发展sustainable development 生物技术biotechnology 光能sunlight energy 化学能Chemical energy 水分moisture content 温度temperature 氧气Oxygen 光照illumination 肥料Fertilizer 免耕no-tillage 种子生产Seed production 中国种业China Seed Industry 贮藏 Storage 检验test 粮食生产区Grain production area 增加收入Increase revenue 有机肥料Organic fertilizer 种植面积plant area 总产量total output 合理灌溉Reasonable irrigation 改善品质Improve quality 杂草防治Weed control 病虫害防治 disease and pest control 抗病虫品种Resistant varieties 光合作用Photosynthesis Sink source relationship 库源关系 Vernalization requirements 春化作用条件 段落翻译 4.1 The basis of all crop growth and yield is photosynthesis, the process whereby sunlight energy is converted to chemical energy. Photosynthesis is the most important biological phenomenon on earth, the source of all primary energy for mankind. Photosynthesis, therefore, is the very essence of agriculture, the cornerstone of food production. 农作物的生长和生产的基础是把光能转化成化学能的光合作用。光合作用是地球上最重要的生物现象，是人类所有基础能源的源泉。因此，光合作用是农业的本质，是食物生产的基础。 The site of photosynthesis is the chloroplasts. These are small pigmented bodies which stream around in the cytoplasm of the cells of leaves and other green tissue. The pigments are chlorophyll. Genetic and environmental differences alter the relative amounts of chlorophyll and produce leaves which are dark green to yellow (no chlorophyll). Dark green leaves are preferred, but there is no evidence that dark green leaves have a higher photosynthetic ability than leaves less green. Immature leaves may be yellow-green, presumably because chlorophyll synthesis is incomplete. If mineral nutrition is adequate, the leaf will become a darker