中美班预备段结业考试卷 阅读.docx

Body languageAccording to surveys, people consider speaking in public more stressful than any other task. Communications experts have studied public speakers and their audiences to learn what makes a speech effective. They have considered that while choosing the words of a speech carefully is important, the body language used during the speech is also vital to its success. Researchers estimate that at least seventy-five percent of communication occurs through non-verbal body language. This means that the actions of a speaker’s body during a speech will determine how the audience responds to the words spoken. Research indicates that the first things noticed by the audience are the speaker’s eyes and facial expressions. People will think that a speaker who always looks at the floor and never smiles is unfriendly. An effective speaker will look directly at the people in the audience and will use facial expressions that match the tone of the speech. An experienced speaker knows when to smile at the audience and when to display a more serious expression. The speaker’s posture is the second-most noticed aspect of body language. ■A) Speakers may deliver their speech either standing or sitting. If a speaker sits, research shows it is important to sit up straight. ■B) Similarly, when a speaker stands, it is important that he or she stand up straight while looking relaxed. ■C) A strong speaker will stand up straight with both feet on the floor and lean slightly toward the audience. A speaker who slouches signals that he or she is not interested in the subject and does not respect the audience. ■D)Finally, a speaker’s gesture can impact the effectiveness of a speech. Gestures are the way in which hands and arms are used to communicate. The best advice for the inexperienced speaker is to do nothing with the hands. Either rest them on the podium or clasp them behind the back. Studies show that speakers should avoid folding their arms across their chests because the audience inte