高三总复习 定语从句.doc

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高三总复习 定语从句

定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。因为它起的作用相当于一个形容词,所以又叫形容词性从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,从句放在先行词的后由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词、关系副词所起的作用有三个:1. 起连接主从句的作用;2. 代替先行词;3. 在从句中作成分。如何使用关系代词、关系副词是根据先行词及其在从句中所充当的成分确定的。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but。 1. 关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不能省略,作宾语或表语时可省略。如: A plane is a machine that can fly. Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. After a score of years, John is not the naughty boy (that) he used to be. 2. 关系代词which一般指物,在从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔也作定语。作宾语时,可省略。如: They planted the trees which don’t need much water. The fish (which) we bought were not fresh. They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drank all my wine. 3. 当先行词指人时使用who或whom,若在句中作主语用who;如果作宾语用whom, 但在口语中,常用who替代whom, 作宾语可以省略。如: The foreigner who invited our school yesterday is from Canada. He is the man (whom/that/who) I visited last week. 4. whose引导定语从句,先行词可以是人也可以是物,whose在从句中作定语。如: Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher. Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue? 注意 指物时,“whose+名词”结构常可以用“the+名词+of which”或“of which+the+名词”结构来替换,且意思相同。 The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. = The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. = The house, of which the roof was damaged, has now been repaired. 5. (1) as作关系代词既指人也指物,引导限制性定语从句。常用于下列结构中: such…as…; so…as…; the same…as…; as…as…如: Such teachers as he knows are all kind to him. Such people as have made great contributions should be respected. He can life so heavy a stone as no one else can. I want to buy the same book as you bought. You can take as many books as you need. 注意 “the same…as…”结构中,as引导定语从句时,as表示“同一类,不同一个”;如果as换成that时,指“同一个”。如: This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那块表。 (2)as 与 which都可以作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,代表主句的整个内容, 但也有区别。 ①位置不同。as引导的定语从句可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间。而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。如: She wa

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