跨文化交际 资料整理.doc

·Enculturation 文化习得The process of learning one’s own culture ·Acculturation 文化适应Adapt the cultures learning by the other cultures ·Verbal Intercultural Communication非言语行为:People from different cultural backgrounds communicate with other people through language. ·Social cultural elements: ①cultural values ②worldview ③social organization ·globalization：①refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which national borders are becoming less and less important as transnational corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere ,do business in a global market. ②also refers to what is called time-spacecompression.(the increasing global mobility of people/ the impact of new electronic media on human communication) ·human needs: ①physiological（fundamental need）②safty ③ the belongingness (love,affection)④ the esteem(respect) ⑤self-actualization(reach one’s potential) ·文化冰山理论（Edward T Hall）:Culture like an iceberg can be divided into two parts: culture above the waterline and culture below the waterline. Culture above the waterline is explicit, visible, tangible, easy to change with time, a tip of the iceberg. Culture below the waterline is implicit, invisible, intangible, hard to change with time, the majority. 穋ulture: can be defined as the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of people about lifeb’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior. 穕anguage and culture: n①language reflects the environment in which we live. ②reflects cultural values ③language lives, it changes over time. ④language –and-cultural is embedded in cultural products, practices, perspectives, communities, and persons. language –and-cultural are two sides of the same coin, members of the culture use their language to portray their culture, to put their cultural perspectives into practice. Language unites products, practices, perspectives, communities, and persons. ·文化维度 cultural dimensions(Geert Hofstede): individualism-collecti