汉英翻译实践第七讲(鲁迅《药》《兔和猫》).doc

药(节选) 鲁迅 西关1外靠着墙2根的地面，本是一块官地3；中间歪歪斜斜一条细路，是贪走便道的人，用鞋底造成的，但却成了自然的界限4。路的左边，都埋着死刑和瘐毙5的人，右边是穷人的丛冢。两面都已埋到层层叠叠，宛然阔人家里祝寿时候的馒头。 这一年的清明，分外寒冷；杨柳才吐出半粒米大的新芽。天明未久，华大妈已在右边的一座新坟前面，排出四碟菜，一碗饭，哭了一场。化过纸，呆呆的坐在地上；仿佛等候什么似的，但自己也说不出等候什么。微风起来，吹动他6短发，确乎比去年白得多了。 小路上又来了一个女人，也是半白头发，褴褛的衣裙；提一个破旧的朱漆圆篮，外挂一串纸锭，三步一歇的走。忽然见华大妈坐在地上看他，便有些踌躇，惨白的脸上，现出些羞愧的脸色7；但终于硬着头皮，走到左边的一座坟前，放下篮子。 那坟与小栓的坟，一字儿排着，中间只隔一条小路。华大妈看他排好四碟菜，一碗饭，立着哭了一通，化过纸锭8；心里暗暗地想，“这坟里的也是儿子了9。”那老女人徘徊观望了一回，忽然手脚有些发抖，跄跄踉踉退下几步，瞪着眼只是发怔。 II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension) 1. 在本篇中，有些古语词。“关”就是其中之一，意为“门闩”。但在此处指什么？联系“西”与“外”想一想。 2. “墙”指房屋的墙吗？注意：墙根边是葬了许多死人的公共墓地。 3.“官地”是什么样的地？查字典，同时考虑这地现在的用场。 4. 本句主要讲什么？考虑汉语句子的重心一般在何处，并参考下句。 5. “瘐毙”是指什么？查字典。 6. 华大妈分明是个女人，为什么用“他”指称？ 7. 这老妇人为何羞愧？阅读这篇小说的前面部分。 8. 谁立着哭、化纸锭？参考上文。 9. 谁暗暗地想？怎么知道“这坟里也是儿子”？ III. 译文(Target Text) Medicine (Excerpt) Lu Xun Originally, the land adjacent to the city wall outside the West Gate had been public land1. The zigzag path slanting across it, trodden out by passers-by seeking a short cut, had become a natural boundary line2. Left of the path, executed criminals or those who had died of neglect in prison3 were buried. Right of the path were paupers’ graves. The serried ranks of grave mounds on both sides looked like the rolls laid out for a rich man’s birthday 4. The Qingming Festival* that year was unusually cold5. Willows were only beginning to put forth shoots no larger than grains6. Shortly after daybreak, Old Shuan’s wife7 brought four dishes and a bowl of rice to set before a new grave in the right section8, and wailed before it. When she had burned joss paper9 she sat on the ground in a stupor as if waiting for something; but for what, she herself did not know10. A breeze sprang up and stirred her short hair11, which was certainly whiter than in the previous year. Another woman came down the path, gray-haired and in rags, too12. She was carrying an old, round, red-lacquered basket, with a string of joss paper hanging from it; and she walked haltingly13. When she saw Old Shuan’s wife sittin