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2008东北师大英语专业考研基础_语言学_
学科专业:外国语言学及应用语言学
考试科目:英语专业基础
考试时间:2008年1月20日下午
说明:所有试题答案均需写在答题纸上,写在本试卷上的一律无效。
第一部分:语言学
I. Fill in the blank with an appropriate linguistic term. (15 points)
1. The most striking feature of human language is __________, which means that an infinitely large number of sentences can be constructed out of a finite set of rules.
2. If a phoneme is realized by more than one sounds in different phonetic contexts, the sounds are called __________.
3. When words are decomposed, the minimum meaningful constituents are __________.
4. If a phrase or sentence can be interpreted in more than one ways, it is __________.
5. The infinitude of language is due to the fact that the same syntactic rules can be applied again and again. This is called __________.
6. If a sound segment copies the feature of a neighboring sound in speech it is said to be __________.
7. According to Chomsky’s theory of syntax, phrase structure rules and lexicon generate the deep structure of the sentence, which will undergo __________ before the surface structure appears.
8. Both transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional grammar are theoretical grammars, while traditional grammar is a __________ grammar.
9. Modern linguistics differ from earlier studies of language in that it is __________, in other words, modern linguistics attempt to find out objectively the universals of human language or the regularities of a specific language.
10. __________ is an interdiscipline that studies the relation between language and the mind.
11. Pragmatics is different from semantics because it studies meaning in __________.
12. Both phonetics and phonology analyze speech sounds, but the latter studies sound __________ and __________.
13. Politician and statesman are similar in meaning, but they are different in __________.
14. According to Halliday, language plays three functions, they are __________, __________ and __________.
15. In the metaphor “marriage is a journey,” the __________ domain is travelling.
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