2008东北师大英语专业考研基础_语言学_.doc

学科专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 考试科目：英语专业基础 考试时间：2008年1月20日下午 说明：所有试题答案均需写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的一律无效。 第一部分：语言学 I. Fill in the blank with an appropriate linguistic term. (15 points) 1. The most striking feature of human language is __________, which means that an infinitely large number of sentences can be constructed out of a finite set of rules. 2. If a phoneme is realized by more than one sounds in different phonetic contexts, the sounds are called __________. 3. When words are decomposed, the minimum meaningful constituents are __________. 4. If a phrase or sentence can be interpreted in more than one ways, it is __________. 5. The infinitude of language is due to the fact that the same syntactic rules can be applied again and again. This is called __________. 6. If a sound segment copies the feature of a neighboring sound in speech it is said to be __________. 7. According to Chomsky’s theory of syntax, phrase structure rules and lexicon generate the deep structure of the sentence, which will undergo __________ before the surface structure appears. 8. Both transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional grammar are theoretical grammars, while traditional grammar is a __________ grammar. 9. Modern linguistics differ from earlier studies of language in that it is __________, in other words, modern linguistics attempt to find out objectively the universals of human language or the regularities of a specific language. 10. __________ is an interdiscipline that studies the relation between language and the mind. 11. Pragmatics is different from semantics because it studies meaning in __________. 12. Both phonetics and phonology analyze speech sounds, but the latter studies sound __________ and __________. 13. Politician and statesman are similar in meaning, but they are different in __________. 14. According to Halliday, language plays three functions, they are __________, __________ and __________. 15. In the metaphor “marriage is a journey,” the __________ domain is travelling.