高英6unit5,unit6,unit7,unit9课后翻译.docx

人们由于生活的哲学理念截然相反，形成了两种冲突的对立力量-----传统保守者和革新自由者。前者满足于业已建立的等级制度，后者则努力去建立一种他们认为更好的新的宇宙秩序。他们倚重的是完全不一样的东西：前者强调辉煌的往昔，后者则主要关注玫瑰般的将来。前者将自己的观点建立在人类无可否定的局限之上，后者却坚信人类有着不容置疑的无限可能性来改善自己，完美自己。若前者走远了，就会显示出对一种基本上不复存在的过去的怀念，从而会阻碍对更美好未来的追求；若后者太过了，他们会怀抱浪漫的梦想，变得不切实际。如果人生有春夏秋冬四季，我们往往在春夏秋冬是革新自由者，但到了秋冬两季很有可能慢慢转变成传统保守者。比如，著名现代主义诗人艾略特在他的早期诗歌中探索了现代西方文明在各个方面的衰败，但在晚期作品中，他却十分关注稳定和秩序People turn themselves into two conflicting forces – conservatives and liberals, owing to their respective opposing philosophical views about life. The former are complacent with the established hierarchies while the latter strive for a new cosmos order which they believe will be superior to the previous one. /They each give priorities to totally different things. The former emphasize brilliant past glories while the latter are chiefly concerned about the rosy future. / The former based their views on man’s incontestable limitations while the latter stand on his indisputable infinitude of possibilities in improving and perfecting themselves./ If the former go too far, they may display some nostalgia for a largely nonexistent past, which may handicap the pursuit of a still better future./ If the latter goes too far, they tend to cherish some dreams too romantic to be practical./ If human life consists of spring, summer, autumn and winter, we are inclined to be liberals in spring and summer, but there is every likelihood that we may turn ourselves into conservatives by degrees in autumn and winter./ For example, the famous modernist poet Elliot explored in his early poetry various aspects of decay of civilization in the modern Western world, but he attached much importance to stability and order in his later works.个性和对生活的看法是因人而异的。从生物宿命论的观点来看，一个人是无法逃脱基因的特制的。从社会宿命论的观点来看，一个人则无法逃脱社会环境，或者说，他的世界观基本上受经济社会地位支配。在古代，人们认为体内有四种液体，即血液、黏液、胆汁和黑胆汁，这四种液体在一个人身上的比例决定了一个人的脾性。因此，如果我们大多数人不是独自生活在荒野里，我们肯定要与不同的性格和不同的世界观的人发生各种关系。为享有舒适的环境，我们应该努力的使这些关系更加和谐。首先我们应该欣赏多样性，而不是为多样性而感到苦恼.第二，我们绝不可干涉别人的私事；绝不可嘲笑别人的品位。第三，我们应该为别人有着不同于我们的追求的喜好而感到高兴。第四，我们应该尽量避免