主要文学流派及其代表作.doc

主要文学流派及其代表作 Classicism古典主义 As a critical term, a body of doctrine thought to be derived from or to reflect the qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture particularly in literature, philosophy, art or criticism. Classicism stands for certain definite ideas and attitudes, mainly drawn from the critical utterances of the Greeks and Romans or developed through an imitation of ancient art and literature. These include restraint, restricted scope, dominance of reason, sense of form, unity of design and aim, clarity, simplicity, balance, attention to structure and logical organization, chasteness in style, severity of outline, moderation, self-control, intellectualism, decorum, respect for tradition, imitation, conservatism and good sense. Its representatives and their major works include： John Bunyan: The Pilgrims Progress (1678). Neoclassicism新古典主义 It mainly applies to the classical tendency which dominated the literature of the 17th century and 18th century. It was, at least , the result of a reaction against the fires of passion which had blazed in the late Renaissance, especially in the metaphysical（十七世纪诗体的） poetry. And Neoclassicism esteemed objectivity, harmony, rationality, dignity, proportion, and moderation, stressed artistic systems and technical correlation of stylistic components, admired conciseness, elegance, good taste and wit, combined pleasure with instruction and matched content to style. Its representatives and their major works are: John Dryden (1631--1700): The World Well Lost (1678); Alexander Pope (1688--1744): The Rape of the Lock (1714), The Dunciad (1742). Early Romanticism浪漫主义 Romanticism, as a literary trend, occurred and developed in Europe and America at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries under the historical background of the Industrial Revolution. Romanticism stresses individual and creative function of imagination. It places individual at the very center of all life and all experien