第二章师版练习.doc

Chapter 2：Phonology?音韵学?????????????????????I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1.?Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.?? 2.?If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.?? 3.?A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.?? 4.?English is a tone language while Chinese is not.?? 5.?In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.?? 6.?In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.?? 7.?Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.?? 8. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest.?? 9.?Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.?? 10. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.?? 11.?According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.?? 12.?Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.?? 13.?According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.?? 14.?Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.?? 15.?Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.?? 16.?Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.?? 17.??A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meani