高中英语必修四BOOK 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法讲解及练习题(含答案).doc

BOOK 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法讲解及练习题 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 复合名词 class + room = classroom (名词+名词) black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词) 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的 world +wide= worldwide 世界性的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词 over + come = overcome克服 (副词+动词) 复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four 复合代词 everyone ,somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词) 复合副词 down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下 ( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地 (副词+副词) 2. 派生 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy --- unhappy develop --- development 前缀: 一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。 mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 --- misunderstand v. 误解 en + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大 后缀: 一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。 care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作--- worker n. 工人 常见的前缀 (A)表示否定的前缀： un---unfair, unhappy non----nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in----inactive (常用在adj.前 dis----disagree, disappear, dislike im----impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) (B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis---misunderstand, misdirect(误导) (C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle (D)表示相互, 交互, 在一起的前缀 inter—interview, international, internet (E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 re—review, return, rewrite (F)表示远的前缀 tele– telephone, television 常见的后缀 动词变名词： -tion educate--education, invite---invitation, predict---prediction -ment development, movement, disappointment -er teacher, worker, runner, singer -or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor 名词后缀补充: -ist ( 人, 名词后缀) science--scientist, terror--terrorist -ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀) Chinese, Japanese 形容词变名词 -ness good—goodness, happy-happiness, busy-business , care—careless--carelessness -ity able--ability, possible--possibility 名词变形容词： -y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny -ish: foolish, childish, girlish -some: handsome, troublesome -ous: dangerous, humorous -ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful -less: homeless, helpless, careles