Chapter 5 Semantic 语言学总结.doc

Chapter 5 Semantic 5.1 Definition The study of meaning in language; how meaning is represented in languages. About the linguistics units, words and sentences Important meaning: the basic function of language in communication. 5.2 Approaches to meaning 5.2.1Word meaning The naming theory: definition, important figures, some problems in naming theory. The conceptualist view: definition, a problem with conceptualist view. Linguistics model of conceptualist view Though(concept) Symbol(form) Referent The behaviorism: definition, important figures, problems with behaviorism Contextualism: definition, important figures, a problem with contextualism Conventionality and motivation 5.3 word meaning Reference: how languages refer to this external world Sense: the way people relate words to each other within the framework of their language. Types of meaning 1) conceptual meaning 2)connotative meaning 3)social meaning associative meaning 4)affective meaning 5)reflectied meaning 6)collocative meaning 7)thematic meaning Polysemy and Homonymy Polysemy: to be the result from the change of meaning. Homonymy: refers to the case where lexemes with the same phonological or morphological shape have the different meaning. Homonymy homophones homographs complete homonyms site,sight tear n, tear v lead n. lead v Synonymy sources of synonymy: borrowing, dialects and regional English Figurative and euphemistic of words Coincidence with idiomatic expression Antonymy complementary antonyms Gradable antonyms Relational antonyms Types semantic antonyms Stylistic purpose of the use of antonyms Sentence meaning sentence and proposition Sentence: definition: a unit of language, a string of words put together by the grammatical rules of a language. Proposition：the basic idea/thought of the sentence;events or states; say something about events/s