百年战争与玫瑰战争的异同(作文).doc

百年战争与玫瑰战争的异同 （ 七年战争对英国的影响） Your feedback on this Article The Hundred Years War is the useful (if numerically inaccurate) label标签 given to the series of conflicts between England and France between 1337 and 1453 that had huge consequences at that time, and for the world-view of both peoples thereafter此后后来. A century of battle, famine（饥荒）, banditry盗匪活动 and disease cut the French population by around 60 per cent. But the weakening（削弱） of the nobility 贵族(regularly slaughtered屠杀 by English arrows) and the spectre鬼怪 of foreign intervention created a concept of France as a united kingdom rather than a collection of territories; just as their dominance统治支配 of the seas and expulsion驱逐开除 from France gave the English a sense of separation from continental Europe that endures持续 today. The causes of the war are various. Since William of Normandy seized the English throne in 1066 English kings had held large parts of France, creating tensions between the two kingdoms which regularly ripened into conflicts. Edward II was defeated in one such, subsequently deposed by the English nobility for his failure: thus a need to prosecute successful and lucrative wars in France or face the consequences overhung future kings. The English still clung to Gascony, desired by the French; the French had retaken Normandy, desired by the English. But most significant of all in sparking the war was the question which arose in the early 14th century over the rightful succession to the French crown. A concatenation of Capetian kings dying without heirs and a ruling that only males could inherit the French throne culminated in the situation where by one interpretation Edward III should have been named king of France. He was the senior male heir, but via his mother, which the French nobility decided disqualified him resulting in the coronation of Philip of Valois as Philip VI in 1328. After Edward III defeated French ally David II of Scotland in 1333 Philip had another justification for attacking his ri