笔译理论复习资料.doc

笔译理论课参考资料 I. Write definitions of the following terms. 1. Accuracy (准确) – A term used in translation evaluation to refer to the extent to which a translation matches its original. 2. Adaptation (改编) – A term traditionally used to refer to any target text in which a particularly free translation strategy has been adopted. The term usually implies that considerable changes have been made in order to make the text more suitable for a specific audience or for the particular purpose behind the translation. 3. Agent (经纪人) – A term used to refer to the person who is “in an intermediary position between a translator and an end user of a translation”. 4. Autotranslation (自译) – A term used to refer to the translation of an original work into another language by the author him-/her/self. 5. Back-translation (回译) – A term used to refer to a process in which a text which has been translated into a given language is retranslated into the source text. 6. Calque (仿造；借译) – A term used to denote the process whereby the individual elements of an source language item are translated literally to produce a target language equivalent. 7. Close translation (贴近翻译) – A term used to refer to translation strategies which favor exact correspondence between the source language and target language linguistic units over an emphasis on conveying the overall meaning or spirit of the source text. 8. Commission (委托) – A termed used to refer to the specifications which the translator works with when producing a target text. 9. Communicative translation (交际翻译；传意翻译) – a term used to refer to any approach which views translation as a “communicative process which takes place within a social context”. 10. Correspondence (对应) – A term used to refer to the relationship which exists between elements of source language and target language in some way considered to be counterparts of each other. 11. Cultural borrowing (文化借用) – A term used to describe the type of cultural transposition in which an source languag