法国大革命__英文资料.doc

第五节　法国大革命和法兰西第一帝国 一、专有名词 自由、平等、博爱　　liberty, Equality, Fraternity 第三等级　　　　the Estate-General 路易十六 Louis XVI 国民议会 National Assembly 制宪议会 Constituent Assembly 巴士底监狱 the Bastille 法国大革命 French Revolution 《人权宣言》 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 雅各宾派 the Jacobins 罗伯斯庇尔 Maximilien de Robespierre 热月政变 Thermidorian Reaction 督政府 Directory Government 雾月政变 Coup d’Etat of Brumaire 拿破仑 Napolenon Bonaparte 执政府 the Consulate 法兰西第一帝国 the First French Empire 《拿破仑法典》 the Code Napoleon 滑铁卢战役 Battle of Waterloo 二、图片及解释  　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　The Taking of the Bastille 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　攻占巴士底狱 Demolition of the Bastille, with a gleeful tiers état figure 　　　　　　　　　　　漫画：巴士底狱的遗址　 For the first time, the will of the people appeared to be an irresistible force. Many observers considered that this event had a profound symbolic significance and most of the prints sought to communicate this idea and celebrate a new political consciousness. 　　大意：在法国，民众的意愿第一次成为一股不可遏制的力量。许多观察家认为，这一事件有着深刻的寓意，大部分法国的出版物试图传达出这一思想，并在庆祝一种新的政治意识的觉醒。 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Louis XVI（路易十六） 说明：此像较为传神地描绘出路易十六自以为是的个性。 　　　　　　Visit of the king to Paris（群众围观国王返回巴黎） Those who shared this opinion were less impressed by the fall of the Bastille than by the kings triumphal visit to Paris a few days later, a ceremonious event which seemed to reconcile the monarch with his people, an idea conveyed by many of the the prints. 大意：有人认为，攻占巴士底狱还不如几天后国王凯旋般重返巴黎给人的印象深刻。出版物传达出这样一种意思：隆重的欢迎式意味着国王和他的子民之间的和解。 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Allegory of Liberty（自由的象征） Ever since ancient Greek and Roman times, western culture has illustrated ideas through allegorical figures and symbols. From the 16th century on, books were published indicating precisely how to represent different allegories with figures for everything from A to Z — from Abundance to Zeal. The figure of Liberty, for example, was always represented holding a pike or staff topped with a cap or bonnet, an allus