突破虚拟语气的用法(株洲教科院张光明9月25日).doc

突破虚拟语气用法的八种方法 湖南株洲市教育科学研究院 张光明 1. 深度了解近几年湖南及全国虚拟语气考查情况。 （1）考查的量。 虚拟语气在近三年高考中的考查主要体现在单项填空中。 2012年，全国共有10个省（市、自治区）考查了虚拟语气的用法，2013年和2014年都是8个。 2103年湖南高考题的32题考的是情态动词，这一年在单项填空里面，没有直接考虚拟语气。2012年和2014年湖南英语高考题都考查了虚拟语气。 （2）考查的点。 先看看下面两道题： 【例1】（2012年湖南，29题）Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outgoing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【例2】（2014年湖南， 22题）If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. were B. had been C. should be D. was 从上面的两个题目可以看出，湖南省英语高考试题考查虚拟语气，都是考查虚拟语气的基本用法。一个是考查与现在事实相反的情况(答案为D)，一个是考查与过去事实相反的情况(答案为B)，重在考查学生在一个情境里使用虚拟语气的能力，而不是虚拟语气用法中不太常见的情况，这其实是避开“繁、偏”的情况，能对学生的学习起一个很好的导向作用。而从全国2014年高考的情况来看，重庆和北京考查的也是最基本的用法。 【例3】(2014年重庆,13题)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it? A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing 这道题考查的是对as if后面从句的虚拟，是对过去的虚拟，因此选A. 【例4】(2014年北京,34题)We _____ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be 题中，主句表示的是与现在事实相反的情况，因此选D. 比较起来，其他地方考查的则是稍微特殊一点的用法： 【例5】(2014年天津,15题)_____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught 【例6】(2014年福建, 32题)_____ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been 这两道题考的都是if非真实条件状语从句中，had 或were提前时，句子倒装的情况。第一道题的答案为D,第二道题的答案为A。 看一道今年安徽的题： 【例7】(2014年安徽, 30) People are recycling many things which they _______ away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown 人们现在正在回收在以前很有可能扔掉的东西。根据句子的意思，从句里表示与过去事实想反的假设，所以选D. 这个虚拟语气没有直接的“符号”，需要根据语境去推断。 最后看陕西的高考题： 【例8】(2014年陕西,23题)We would rather our daughter _____ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any lo