4.汉语量词与英语特殊量词的比较.doc

04．Contrastive study between English and Chinese Unit words 04. 汉语量词与英语特殊量词的比较I. Unit words in Chinese Unit words in Chinese is used between words of number and noun, indicating unit of things. There are two categories of unit wordss in Chinese: 1. indicating person or things(物量词); 2. indicating action or behavior(动量词) 1. Three categories of unit words indicating person or things (三类物量词) (1) length, volume, and weight; weights and measures(表度量衡的单位)，如“尺、里、吨”等。 (2) Ordinary unit words (一般量词), such as “个、只、本、间”etc. (3) Feature or state of things as unit words (以事物特征、状态来衡量的量词) such as “头、口、杯、发、条” etc. 2. Two categories of unit words indicating action or behavior(两类动量词)：? 　 (1)Special unit words indicating action or behavior(专用动量词)，such as“次、遍、番、阵、顿”etc. (2) Borrowed unit words indicating action or behavior(借用动量词), namely, nouns relating to actions or behavior are used as unit words (借用与动作有关的名词), such as“刀”(砍一刀)，“笔”(写一笔)，“星期”(讨论一星期)等。 3. Structure of unit words: quantifier + unit words (数量结构), E.g. ?? ?三斤肉，一头牛，一杯咖啡，一山树，一屋人，一架书，五匹布， ?? ?两桶水，一块煤，一粒米，一剂药，两行树，一朵花，一线希望， ??? 四排房子，三堆鸡蛋 ??? 汉语偶尔也有不用量词的，这不过在古汉语中出现。如： ??? 卧室里是一桌一凳一床，床板只有两块。(《朝花夕拾.琐记》) ??? 撤屏视之，一人，一桌，一椅，一扇，一抚尺而已。(《口技》) Exceptions: (1) In some idioms, there are only quantifiers but no unit words, such as: ??? 千言万语，九牛一毛，三人一组，七上八下，三头六臂，一心一意，三言两语，七嘴八舌，一草一木，一砖一瓦.??? ?(2)??Nouns of administrative zones have only quantifiers but no unit words, such as: 三省，五市，两县。 II. Unit words in English 1. Quantifier / indefinite article + noun (plural or single), such as:A (one) book? 一本书 three Workers 三个工人 four rifles?? 四枝枪?? six cars?? 六辆汽车 five tractors 五部拖拉机 seven lathes 七台车床 eight lamps? 八盏灯 ten houses? 十栋房屋 2. Quantifier / indefinite article +noun (as unit words) + of + noun (plural or single), such as: a packet of cigarettes?? 一包纸烟 a company of soldiers 一连士兵 two groups of children 两群小孩 a team of horses 一队马 three heaps of eggs 三堆鸡蛋 four blocks of houses 四排房子 ????? 　 ????? (1) Quantifier / indefinite article +noun