医学英语阅读uint 2中英对照.doc

第一篇 人体疾病 第一章对人体的简要概述使我们对两个被认为是医学基础的不同学科有了初步认识，这两个学科就是解剖学与生理学。然而不把病理学包括进去，这种概述是不完整的，因为病理学是研究疾病引起的结构和功能变化的学科。实际上，现代对疾病的研究方法强调病理学与生理学的密切关系，并强调在治疗任何人体疾病时了解病理学与生理学基础的必要性。 The brief survey of the human body in Chapter One has given us a glimpse into two different studies that are considered the fundamentals of medical sciences, namely anatomy and physiology. However, the picture is not complete without considering pathology, the science that deals with the structural and functional changes produced by the disease. In fact, the modern approach to the study of disorder emphasizes the close relationship of the pathological and physiological aspects and the need to understand the fundamentals of each in treating any body diseases. 那么什么是疾病呢？它可以被定义为正常机能或者部分机能遭受损害时的一种状态。每一种生物，无论植物还是动物，都会生病。例如，人类常常被微小的细菌感染，但是细菌又转而可能被更加微小的病毒感染。 Then what is a disease? It may be defined as a condition that impairs the proper function of the body or of one of its parts. Every living thing, both plants and animals, can succumb to disease. People, for example, are often infected by tiny bacteria, but bacteria, in turn, can be infected by even more minute viruses. 世界上有数百种疾病,每一种都有其特定的症状和体征，这些都是医生诊断疾病的线索。症状是病人自己能觉察到的，比如，高烧、流血或者疼痛。而体征则是医生能够观察到的，比如，血管扩张或内器官肿大。 Hundreds of different diseases exist. Each has its own particular set of symptoms and signs, clues that enable a physician to diagnose the problem. A symptom is something a patient can detect, such as fever, bleeding, or pain. A sign is something a doctor can detect, such as a swollen blood vessel or an enlarged internal body organ. 疾病可按不同的标准来分类。例如，流行病是感染某一地区许多人的疾病。 当它年复一年地发生在同一地区，就成了一种地方病。急性病发作快、病程短。例如，急性心脏病发作常常没有前兆，而且会很快致命。慢性病发病缓慢，但病程有时会长达数年。风湿热正是由于发病慢、病程长而成为一种慢性病。介于急性与慢性之间的另一种类型被称为亚急性。 Diseases can be classified differently. For instance, an epidemic disease is one that strikes many persons in a community. When it strikes the same region year after year it is an endemic disease. An acute disease has a quick onset and runs a short course. A