英国部分的名词解释.doc

英国部分的名词解释 Chapter 1 The Commonwealth : the commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are jointed together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation. At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth (1991). English Channel: A channel of the Atlantic between southern England and northern France. The channel between England and France is quite narrow. A channel tunnel under the channel was built in 1994 to join the two countries together. Chunnel: In 1985, the British government and French government decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called Chunnel, under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by the road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994. ? Chapter 2 Witan: Witan was the council or meeting of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo—Saxons to advise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today. Heptarchy: During the Anglo-Saxon’s time, Britain was divided into many kingdoms, among which there were Seven principal kingdoms of Kent ,Esses, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. They were given the name of Heptarchy. During the Anglo-Saxon’s time, the three Teutonic tribes, Angles, Saxons and Jutes founded 7 kingdoms in Britain, Kent ,Esses, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. They were given the name Heptarchy. 二选一 Alfred the Great Alfred is a strong king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them. He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy” He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He also translated books and established schools. All this earned him the title “Alfred the Great. Norman Conquest ?? ????The Norman Conquest of 106