园林专业英语UNIT 9.doc

（UNIT ）[1] Cheryl Barton 社会机构及公司园区景观 社会公共机构的环境受益于风景园林师的专业技术已有一个多世纪，纯净的空气、水和阳光及其他自然事物对于医院、精神病院和疗养院的规划来说是很重要的因素。而公司景观却是一种比较新的现象，二战后，由于工业的快速增长和郊区的出现，公司园区逐渐发展起来，例如Sasaki的迪尔公司，EDAW的卡尔森中心，EDSA的百事公司，都是为舒缓工作强度而设计的大量开放空间和娱乐资源，以此来确保员工更加忠诚和高产，为公司的不动产增值；而且，这些特色还反映了公司形象、身份、权利、声望和产品的卓越特性。同时，市区里的公司景观也兴盛起来，如奥斯芒德森的凯撒屋顶花园，丹.凯利的达拉斯喷泉广场，SWA的In its concern with providing meaningful open space, landscape architecture has always related fundamentally to human welfare. Institutional environments have benefited from the expertise of landscape architects for more than a century, but the corporate landscape is a more recent phenomenon. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, institutions existed primarily to take care of problems that the family was unable to handle----care of the mentally retarded, orphaned children, the sick and the handicapped. Many of these places were little more than warehouses. A similar fate met workers during the Industrial Revolution[2] who fled their farms to grasp opportunities in the cities. There , too, they were confined in warehouse-type environments for long, exhausting hours 为了提供. Reflecting post-Civil War reform movements, American landscape architects demonstrated innovative and practical responses to the social problems of alcoholism, mental illness and disease in the design of new institutional settings. Pure air and water, sunlight and other natural amenities were important factors in planning hospitals, asylums and sanatoriums. Spacious, well-designed grounds reflected advances in medicine. These projects could involve many disciplines and were often coordinated by landscape architects whose knowledge of environmental factors provided the requisite overview. Frederick Law Olmsted, once secretary of the U.S. Sanitary Commission[3] (later the American Red Cross), planned several significant institutions, including Columbia Institution for the Deaf[4] (1866) (Fig.1)in Washington, D.C. The plan for the Iowa Hospital for the Insane[5] (1871,H.W.S. Cleveland),