内分泌英文文章.doc

1.ABBREVIATION SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder in which water excretion is partially impaired because of the inability to suppress the secretion of ADH . In severe cases, the urine output does not exceed one liter per day, despite a water intake well above this level. The ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality TPP thyrotoxic periodic paralysis Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TTP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, more common in Asian males between the second and fourth decades of life and is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, hypokalemia and proximal muscle weakness. Thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare entity and has so far only been reported in adult males. Patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis have recurrent muscular weakness of the four extremities, affecting mainly the lower extremities. The onset of paralytic attacks usually coincides with the onset of hyperthyroidism, though overt findings of thyrotoxicosis are rarely present with the initial paralytic attack. In some cases, the periodic paralysis is the sole manifestation of the hyperthyroidism 2.AITD autoimmune thyroid disease Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common diseases that occur when the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune thyroid diseases result in abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroid diseases, the thyroid gland is either over active or under active. Autoimmune thyroid diseases include Graves disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more common in women than in men. The autoimmune thyroid disease called Hashimotos thyroiditis occurs most often in females between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The Hashimotos thyroiditis also appears to have a genetic component because it can run in f