Unit1整理(上外)新编英语教程 大一下.doc

Unit1 Language Structures present perfect progressive 现在完成进行时 Past Progressive过去进行时 Past Perfect Progressive过去完成进行时 I. Grammar 1. The present perfect progressive indicating a finished action. 构成形式: …have/has been doing… 表达意义: 现在完成进行时大多表示动作开始于过去某一点, 一直延续到现在,还要延续下去, 表示未完成。 但有时也可表示完成。 e.g. I have been writing letters for an hour. (I have still got some more to do.) 我写信写了一个小时了。（也许还要写下去） You are sweating all over. What have you been doing? I have been playing football the whole morning. 你浑身都是汗，你一直在做什么？我这一上午都在踢球。（刚刚踢完） Comparison: 1. 对于大多数延续性动词，现在完成进行时表示未完成，现在完成时一般指某一动作开始于过去，到现在结束，表示完成。 e.g. I have written three letters. 我已经写了三封信。 2. 对于一些延续性动词，现在完成时与现在完成进行时意义相同。如：study, live, stay, work, teach, etc. e.g. How long have you been studying English? How long have you studied English? 2. The past progressive indicating a circumstance and the simple past indicating a past event. 构成形式：本单元复习过去进行时在…be doing…when…句型中的用法。 表达意义：这个句子是过去进行时的一种表达方式，表示当某事正在进行时另一件事情突然发生了，“when”含有 “突然”的意思。译成汉语时，把前一句译成“当……的时候”。 e.g. I was swimming in the river when I heard a boy shouting for help. 这句话也可以用while连接。 While I was swimming in the river, I heard a boy shouting for help. Note: 句中while 和when 所处的位置不同。 3. The past perfect progressive 构成形式：…had been doing… 表达意义：这个时态的意义与现在完成时基本相似，只是把时间推移到了过去。过去完成进行时的动作与时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表现，也可以通过上下文来表达。 e.g. I was tired when you saw me yesterday because I had been running. 你昨天看见我的时候，我很累，因为我一直在跑。 At last he got the letter he had been expecting. 最后他终于收到了一直盼望的信。 Quiz Translate the following sentences into English. 1 这些天我一直在复习《新编英语教程》第一册，到现在还没有看完一半。 I have been going over the New English Course Book One, but I haven’t covered half of it. 2 天下雨时，我已经在车站呆了10分钟了。 When it began to rain, I had been waiting for ten minutes at the bus stop. Quiz 3 我想问问你是否能帮我一个小忙。（wonder) I was wondering if I might ask you a small favor. 4 我在河里游泳时，脚突然抽筋儿了。 I was swimming in the river when I got cramp in my leg. Words and Expressions in Language Structures peel. v. remove the skin of fruit and v