大学英语语言学Chapter_11_SLA.doc

Chapter 11 SLA Introduction Definition: 1 Second Language Acquisition (SLA) refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires a second language subsequent to his native language. 2 L2 acquisition can be defined as the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or outside of a classroom. The goals of SLA are to describe how L2 acquisition proceeds and to explain this process and why some learners seem to be better at it than others. (Rod Ellis 1985) Connections between FLA and SLA First language study has served as a backcloth for perceiving and understanding new facts about second language learning. Second language learners generally fail to attain native-like competence. ( Interlanguage. Points of comparison for successive foreign language learning paradigms NL: TL comparisons (Contrastive analysis) IL: TL comparisons (Error analysis) NL: IL comparisons (Transfer analysis) The role of native language in SLA Language transfer: The differences between native and target languages would either lead to positive transfer or negative transfer, also known as interference. 迁移是指目标语和其他任何已经习得的（或者没有完全习得的）语言之间的共性和差异所造成的影响。 A distinction was made between positive transfer and negative transfer. While the former would facilitate target language learning, the later would interfere. Therefore in second / foreign language learning and teaching the basis of language instruction was differences between the native language and target language. Mentalist: few errors were caused by language transfer. Interlanguage: Learns put their first language back to the whole picture and studied its role from a cognitive perspective. In this sense, native language functions as a kind of 搃nput from inside,?therefore transfer is not transfer, but a kind of mentalin process. There are three interacting factors in determining language transfer in second language learning: 1. a learner抯 psychology, how a learner organize his or her native langu